Most market participants, however, are in a lot of trouble during a market bottom. Back in 2007, many people were fully invested in stocks as euphoria flooded the market. Therefore, at the worst possible time to be invested, (when stocks are priced high) almost everybody was a market participant. Unfortunately, they have no capital left over to invest when prices are cheap towards the end of the bear market, which is precisely the best time to be in stocks.
The best example I can think of right now is billionaire value investor Seth Klarman. Throughout most of 2006 and 2007 Seth Klarman had no more then 50 percent in stocks because he thought stocks were overvalued. He wasn't worried about timing, as evident in the fact that he was probably over a year late on his call that stocks would greatly diminish in value. He was worried about capital preservation and that the downside risk was much greater then the high price of equities. Sure, he could have had greater returns in 2006 and 2007. (although he still generated over 15% return on investment...which is phenomenal given the fact he had only 50 percent of his money in stocks) However, his returns have drastically beaten the market over the past year as stocks have come off the highs to now multi-year lows. The best part about it is that Seth Klarman now has ample cash to deploy to currently buy stocks when they are at their lowest levels. Ironic isn't it.
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